BrainBlog

In continued postings here about Away From Her , I note that Julie Christie and Sarah Polley have just been nominated in Academy Award categories Best Actress and Best Adapted Screenplay, respectively. The screenplay was adapted from a short story written by Alice Munro.

Fleisher AS, Sun S, Taylor C, Ward CP, Gamst AC, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Aisen PS, & Thal LJ. Volumetric MRI vs clinical predictors of Alzheimer disease in mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 2008 Jan 15; 70(3): 191-199. OBJECTIVE: To compare volumetric MRI of whole brain and medial temporal lobe structures to clinical measures for predicting progression from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS: Baseline MRI scans from 129 subjects with amnestic MCI were obtained from participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study group's randomized, placebo-controlled clinical drug trial of donepezil, vitamin E, or placebo. Measures of whole brain, ventricular, hippocampal, and entorhinal cortex volumes were acquired. Participants were followed with clinical and cognitive evaluations until formal criteria for AD were met, or completion of 36 months of follow-up. Logistic regression modeling was done to assess the predictive value of all ...

Today's Science Times section of The New York Times has a good feature article about the daily work of an Occupational Therapist working with patients who have sustained severe traumatic brain injuries. Link to full text of article

Salter KL, Teasell RW, Foley NC, & Jutai JW. Outcome assessment in randomized controlled trials of stroke rehabilitation. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2007 Dec ;86(12): 1007-1012. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Joseph's Healthcare London, London, Canada. The lack of a unified approach to outcome assessment in stroke rehabilitation limits our ability to interpret evidence provided by randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The purpose of this review was to identify outcomes and assessment tools reported in RCTs of stroke rehabilitation interventions as a first step toward consistent assessment of outcomes. Given that the validity of research is linked to reliability and validity of measurement, the relationship between the use of previously developed outcome measures and the methodological quality of RCTs was explored.Electronic literature searches identified RCTs examining stroke rehabilitation therapies from 1968 to 2005. Th...

In continued postings here about Away From Her , I note that yesterday Julie Christie won a Golden Globe award as Best Actress for her performance in the movie. Golden Globe Winners

Okay, sitting in a coffeehouse right now, how could I not choose this abstract! West O, & Roderique-Davies G. Development and initial validation of a caffeine craving questionnaire. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2008 Jan; 22(1):80-91. Department of Psychology, HaSS, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, UK. Craving for caffeine has received little empirical attention, despite considerable research into the potential for caffeine dependence. The main aim of this study was to develop, and initially validate, a multi-item, multidimensional instrument to measure cravings for caffeine. Participants were 189 caffeine consumers who completed the Questionnaire of Caffeine Cravings, which was based on the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU), in one of five naturally occurring periods of abstinence; 1-15 min; 16-120 mins; 3-7 h; 12-48 h and +48 h. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a three-factor solution best described the data; Factor 1 reflected strong desires, intention...

The excellent neuroblog, Mind Hacks , has a post today that includes discussion about a program of research examining the hippocampal structures of professional navigators (e.g., taxi drivers) - research with fascinating neuropsychological results. The Mind Hacks post can be read at: post . A link to a .pdf of one of these publications can be found at: London Taxi Drivers and Bus Drivers: A Structural MRI and Neuropsychological Analysis . I am off to read this paper right now, which was published in 2006 in the journal Hippocampus .

From The New York Times : Paul MacLean, 94, Neuroscientist Who Devised ‘Triune Brain’ Theory, Dies By JEREMY PEARCE Published: January 10, 2008 Dr. Paul D. MacLean, a neuroscientist and psychiatrist who developed the intriguing theory of the “triune brain” to explain its evolution and to try to reconcile rational human behavior with its more primal and violent side, died on Dec. 26 in Potomac, Md. He was 94. Dr. MacLean’s death was confirmed by his family. In the late 1940s, while he was a young researcher at Yale, Dr. MacLean became interested in the brain’s control of emotion and behavior. After initial studies of brain activity in epileptic patients, he turned to cats, monkeys and other models, using electrodes to stimulate different parts of the brain in conscious animals. He then recorded the animals’ responses and, in the 1950s, began to trace individual behaviors like aggression and sexual arousal to their physiological sources. Dr. MacLean (pronounced mac-LANE) termed the brai...

From yesterday's New York Times : Jump-Start on Slow Trek to Treatment for a Disease By DONALD G. McNEIL Jr. Published: January 8, 2008 Last month, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation donated $19 million to the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative to further one of its goals: finding a new drug for African sleeping sickness. Not that $19 million will come close to doing that. Even if a miracle cure is found, it will take lab work and clinical trials that could easily cost $100 million to prove it is really a miracle and not the Vioxx of the African savannah. But the gift spotlights just how tricky the search for new treatments can be when the disease is fearsome but nearly forgotten because its victims are poor and obscure. [ ... Read the full article ... ]

Today's abstract included mention of voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. Here is a .pdf publication that outlines the technique: paper .

From the Times-Columnist : Symphony starts the year with 'bigger bag of tricks' PREVIEW What: Victoria Symphony with clarinetist Simon Aldrich When and Where: 7:30 p.m., Jan. 5 at the Mary Winspear Centre in Sidney; 2:30 p.m., Jan. 6 and 8 p.m., Jan. 7 at the Royal Theatre Tickets: For the Sidney concert, tickets are $26/29, available at the box office (656-0275). For the Victoria concerts, tickets are $13.50 to $27.25, available at the box office (385-6515). For more information, visit: www.victoriasymphony.ca Sarah Petrescu , Times Colonist Published: Thursday, January 03, 2008 When Victoria Symphony Maestra Tania Miller and her team plan a season of concerts, they are driven by the artists, pieces and instruments they want to shine the spotlight on. This year, Miller wanted to highlight a wind instrument. She chose contemporary composer John Adams's piece Gnarly Buttons , "a phenomenally challenging, funky piece," she says, and recruited Montreal clarinetist Si...

Haramati S, Soroker N, Dudai Y, & Levy DA. The posterior parietal cortex in recognition memory: A neuropsychological study. Neuropsychologia. 2007 Nov 29 [Epub ahead of print] Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Several recent functional neuroimaging studies have reported robust bilateral activation (L>R) in lateral posterior parietal cortex and precuneus during recognition memory retrieval tasks. It has not yet been determined what cognitive processes are represented by those activations. In order to examine whether parietal lobe-based processes are necessary for basic episodic recognition abilities, we tested a group of 17 first-incident CVA patients whose cortical damage included (but was not limited to) extensive unilateral posterior parietal lesions. These patients performed a series of tasks that yielded parietal activations in previous fMRI studies: yes/no recognition judgments on visual words and on colored obj...

Bohnen NI, Kuwabara H, Constantine GM, Mathis CA, & Moore RY. Grooved pegboard test as a biomarker of nigrostriatal denervation in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience Letters. 2007 September 13; 424(3): 185-189. Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0028, USA. Recent pharmacotherapy trials in Parkinson's disease (PD) using dopaminergic neuroimaging as outcome parameter failed to show significant relationships between imaging and clinical results. One possible explanation is that there is a non-linear relationship between striatal denervation and motor performance reflecting a statistical "floor" effect in the imaging data with advanced disease. Both the motor manifestations and the striatal dopamine denervation of idiopathic PD, however, are typically asymmetric and more meaningful associations may be found by comparing data from the least denervated striatum with motor performance in the corresponding body side. PD patients (n=28) ...

Börjesson-Hanson A, Gustafson D, & Skoog I. Five-year mortality in relation to dementia and cognitive function in 95-year-olds. Neurology. 2007 Nov 27; 69(22): 2069-2075. Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Psychiatry Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sweden. BACKGROUND: Dementia is a known predictor of mortality, but most studies include small numbers of participants above age 90. The influence of dementia or cognition on mortality in this age group is therefore uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To examine 5-year mortality in relation to dementia and cognitive performance at age 95. METHODS: A population sample of 338 individuals examined at age 95 was followed to age 100. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria. Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Information on severe physical disorders was obtained from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register, and date of death from the...